Development of modern integrated circuits (ICs), advanced power electronics for EV and HEV, and photovoltaics requires a cross-section of industrial processing techniques, spanning from initial crystal growth to thin-film deposition and photolithography. First, a defect-free single crystalline boule is generated in a specialized furnace and

There is a common misconception that a car’s value begins to depreciate almost as soon as the customer has the keys. This is at least partially due to aesthetics, with evidence suggesting that as much as 30% of a vehicle’s value is based on aesthetics. The underlying assumption therein is that visual appeal is bound to regress once the showroom

Lapping is a method of mechanical polishing that uses a soft-lap vehicle loaded with high-performance abrasive grains. It is often utilized after harsher grinding techniques and is used as a pre-polish to smooth subsurface damage in substrates while mitigating the risk of forming new surface defects. All forms of mechanical polishing that use